Guidelines: Government response to Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI) in North Macedonia
This guideline provides the government of North Macedonia with a strategic framework to address Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI).
How FIMI fuels polarisation and radicalisation in the Western Balkans – Case study
This publication brings together two complementary analyses prepared by Prof. Dr. Arije Antinori and Jordy Nijenhuis, to examine how Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI) operates in contemporary information environments.
FIMI in North Macedonia: Baseline Assessment of Institutional Readiness, Coordination Frameworks, and Response Capacities
The evolution of the modern information landscape has placed North Macedonia at a critical juncture. While hybrid threats, disinformation campaigns..
Economic Channels of Foreign Influence in North Macedonia – Case Study
This case study explores several investment cases in large infrastructure and energy projects, through which foreign influence can be exerted in North Macedonia.
Institutional Response to Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference in North Macedonia: Models and Policy Options
Awareness of the risks posed by Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI) exists in North Macedonia, but the national system for coordinated response remains fragmented, without functional inter-institutional coordination and clearly defined responsibilities.
Towards a national system for resilience to foreign information manipulation and interference
North Macedonia, as a country at the crossroads of geopolitical interests, urgently needs to establish an integrated and functional system to respond to threats of foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI).
Russian FIMI in North Macedonia: Exploiting Vulnerabilities Through Bilateral Disputes
The study also outlines how bilateral disputes between Bulgaria and North Macedonia create openings that enable or amplify Russian influence operations. These disputes have become a strategic entry point for disinformation, enabling Russian actors to exploit existing tensions and shape public narratives.
Policy Paper: Addressing Foreign Information Manipulation in the Context of European Regulations
This policy paper analyses the regulatory obligations and institutional responsibilities that emerge within the EU legislative framework to strengthen information integrity and increase a society’s resilience to foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI).
Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI) in the Republic of North Macedonia
The study shows that Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference is not an isolated phenomenon, but part of broader hybrid strategies that combine disinformation, geopolitical narratives and cyber operations to shape public opinion and political decisions.
Women Politicians and Media Bias
The research shows that the mere presence of women politicians in the media is reason enough for their stereotyping and discrimination related to traditional gender roles and the physical appearance of women, especially through the use of sensationalist language.