The evolution of the modern information landscape has placed North Macedonia at a critical juncture. While hybrid threats, disinformation campaigns, or Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI) are increasingly identified in national strategies as a primary threat to security and democratic stability, the transition from general recognition toward concrete operational readiness remains a significant challenge. Current institutional responses are often fragmented, partly because they struggle to reconcile high-level policy definitions with the messy, “actor-agnostic” reality of the digital environment. To address this, the document acknowledges that while FIMI is the primary strategic concern, the operational entry point must be the broader concept of Information Manipulation Operations (IMOs). This shift recognizes a fundamental reality of the information gray zone: in the early stages of an incident, the distinction between foreign and domestic (DIMI) actors is rarely provable without deep forensic or intelligence data.