About ICS

The Institute of Communication Studies is a leading research organization in the field of journalism and media studies, public relations and corporate communications. Our mission is to contribute towards strengthening of Macedonian democracy by working with media, civil society and public institutions, educating a critical public that will ask for greater transparency and accountability through engagement in the policy creation process.

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Civil Society, Media, Research and Analysis

Gendered Hate Speech During the 2024 Presidential Elections in North Macedonia

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The 2024 presidential elections in North Macedonia saw increased political engagement across social media platforms, with heated discourse often directed towards female candidates. This case study examines the prevalence and nature of gendered hate speech online, focusing solely on the 2024 presidential elections.

Utilizing data from the EOOH online hate speech platform, a total of 1,634 (n=1634) messages in Macedonian language were analyzed, collected between March 01 and June 20, covering both the pre-election and post-election periods. The research, conducted by the Institute of Communication Studies (ICS) in cooperation with Textgain, aimed to assess the levels of harmful and toxic speech directed at these candidates on Facebook and Twitter.

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St. Jurij Gagarin 17-1-1, 1000 Skopje, R. Macedonia
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