Case Study: “Vermin,” “Parasites,” “Satan”: How Toxic Speech Became a Normal Part of Public Discourse
The toxic discourse in North Macedonia’s online political landscape continues to thrive, fueled by sharp polarization and the anonymity of social media. Between September 29 and December 22, 2024, the EOOH platform monitored a total of 238 posts (n=238), capturing insights into the language of hate directed at political figures and groups. This analysis focuses on the patterns of political hate speech, key examples, and its implications for democratic discourse.
The research, conducted by the Institute of Communication Studies (ICS) in cooperation with Textgain, aimed to assess the levels of harmful and toxic speech directed at political figures on Facebook, Twitter, and TikTok.